Correlation analyses of the data from this patient group indicated a high degree of correlation among left ventricular volumetric parameters, BNP levels, and 6-minute walk test distance.
Despite comparable circulatory patterns, patients experiencing post-operative pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrated reduced functional limitations in contrast to their idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension counterparts. CMR findings in post-operative PAH patients, revealing differential biventricular adaptation patterns with superior myocardial contractility and higher left ventricular volumes, may potentially be associated with this, thus highlighting the importance of ventriculo-ventricular interaction in the PAH context.
Although exhibiting similar hemodynamic characteristics, postoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients demonstrated reduced functional impairment compared to their idiopathic PAH/heritable PAH counterparts. In post-operative PAH patients, CMR demonstrates a differential biventricular adaptation pattern associated with better myocardial contractility and larger left ventricular volumes, illustrating the significance of ventriculo-ventricular interaction in this setting.

Periampullary duodenal diverticula, though uncommon, and pancreaticobiliary complications, though infrequent, necessitate immediate medical intervention if accompanied by symptoms. Endoscopic therapy effectively managed the severe cholangitis resulting from a periampullary diverticulum, as exemplified in this clinical presentation.
A 68-year-old man, with a history encompassing diabetes and hypertension, presented to the emergency room experiencing abdominal discomfort, fever, and a rapid heartbeat. Ultrasound demonstrated a dilated common bile duct and gallstones, in conjunction with the clinical findings of acute kidney injury and abnormalities in liver function tests. Magnetic resonance cholangiography provided a clear image of duodenal diverticulum and confirmed the existence of choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was chosen, in conjunction with antibiotic therapy, upon finding a duodenal diverticulum with stones and pus. This resulted in sphincterotomy, transpapillary dilation, and multiple sweeps. The patient, after seven days, underwent a cholecystectomy, and was ultimately discharged from the care facility without any postoperative issues.
In the management of patients with severe cholangitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) must be performed promptly, even when encountering concurrent pathologies such as periampullary duodenal diverticulum. This remains the recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, frequently resulting in resolution in cases of obstructive bile duct disease.
When severe cholangitis presents in a patient, prompt endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is crucial, even if concomitant conditions, like periampullary duodenal diverticula, are identified. ERCP remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment, often leading to resolution in cases of bile duct obstruction.

In the spectrum of acute porphyrias, acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most prevalent, representing a relatively infrequent metabolic disorder. A prevalent symptom is acute abdominal pain, which can be associated with seizures, neuropsychiatric issues, or symmetrical motor neuropathies, potentially escalating to respiratory muscle paralysis in certain cases.
Considering acute porphyria's atypical presentations as a differential diagnosis is crucial in evaluating abdominal pain.
Presenting with acute abdominal distress, seizures, and subsequently manifesting neuropsychiatric symptoms and symmetric motor neuropathy, a patient with AIP required mechanical ventilation support. His severe neurological condition necessitated hemin arginate treatment, which unfortunately manifested as transient hypertransaminemia, a previously undocumented side effect. The progress was positive, marked by the removal of mechanical ventilation and the patient's dismissal from the hospital.
Given the combination of acute abdominal pain, alongside neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms, especially in young women, an AIP diagnosis deserves consideration. Hemoglobin synthesis enhancement through hemin administration is considered the standard treatment; this approach retains potential benefits even with delayed implementation.
The presentation of acute abdominal pain along with neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms, particularly in young women, should raise the possibility of an AIP diagnosis. Hemin's administration is considered the standard treatment protocol, and its late application can nevertheless be advantageous.

Research into microbial rhodopsins' chloride transport actively investigates how light energy powers ion pumping across cell membranes. Chloride pumps have been identified in both archaea and eubacteria, showcasing structural similarities and disparities in their active sites. surgical pathology Hence, the underlying mechanism for ion pumping in all chloride-transporting rhodopsins is still uncertain. Through the application of Raman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy, we examined two chloride pumps, Nonlabens marinus rhodopsin-3 (NM-R3) and the halorhodopsin protein from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladopsis repens (MrHR). Within proteins, the twisting of cofactor molecules is evidenced by the sign of ROA signals, which are derived from the chiral sensitivity of vibrational spectroscopy, ROA. The retinal Schiff base NH group in NM-R3, as observed in our ROA analysis, is oriented towards the C helix, creating a direct hydrogen bond with a proximate chloride ion. While differing from NM-R3's configuration, MrHR is expected to contain two retinal conformations with opposing twists; one conformation involves a hydrogen bond with a chloride ion, whereas the other forms a hydrogen bond with a water molecule attached via a residue within the G helix. Zavondemstat chemical structure Photoisomerization appears to initiate a general pumping action, wherein the chloride ion is transported by the repositioning Schiff base NH group.

Coordinating 13,45-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe) with diatomic B2 species resulted in the formation of a tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diboron(0) complex, [(IMe)2B-B(IMe)2] (2). With a single bond, the B2 moiety's valence electronic configuration is 1g21u21g*2, coordinating with IMe via four vacant molecular orbitals (1u*, 2g, 1u', 1g'*) The compound's electronic structure is strikingly similar to that of the energetically less favorable planar hydrazine, having D2h symmetry. The high reactivity of the two g* antibonding electrons underpins double single-electron-transfer (SET) reactivity in small-molecule activation. Compound 2's interaction with CO2, involving a double SET reduction, led to the formation of two CO2- radical anions. These anions then triggered the reduction of pyridine, producing the carboxylated pyridine reductive coupling dianion [O2CNC5(H)5-C5(H)5NCO2]2-. This sequence of events also resulted in the transformation of compound 2 into the tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diborene dication [(IMe)2BB(IMe)2]2+ (32+). The single electron transfer (SET) reduction of CO2, free of transition metals, is striking, occurring without ultraviolet or visible light.

Exploitation of graphene and its derivatives for biomedical applications is substantial, due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that graphene's toxicity is modulated by the method of administration and its passage through physiological barriers, which ultimately leads to its distribution within the tissues or its location within cells. To evaluate in vitro neurotoxicity, this study utilized dopaminergic neuron model cells exposed to graphene with diverse surface areas (150 and 750 m2/g). SH-SY5Y cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations (400-3125 g/mL) of graphene with surface areas of 150 and 750 m²/g, and their cytotoxic and genotoxic responses were then evaluated. Across both dimensions, graphene demonstrated improved cell viability at diminishing concentrations. Higher surface areas exhibited a concomitant increase in cellular damage. The results of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) testing indicate that cell loss is not a result of membrane injury. The oxidative stress pathway involving lipid peroxidation (MDA) did not inflict damage on either form of graphene. school medical checkup During the initial 24 and 48 hours, both graphene types displayed an increment in glutathione (GSH) levels. The observed escalation suggests graphene's capability to function as an antioxidant within SH-SY5Y model neurons. Graphene's lack of genotoxicity on either surface area is demonstrated through comet analysis. Despite the substantial body of research investigating graphene and its derivatives in various cell types, discrepancies in the conclusions drawn from these studies persist, and the majority of published works focus on graphene oxide. Of the studies reviewed, none explored the influence of graphene's surface area on cellular responses. Our research enhances existing literature by evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic characteristics of graphene, in relation to its differing surface areas.

The resident medical practitioner plays a pivotal role in the care and treatment of people.
At a specialist training hospital, an investigation into the cognitive performance of medical residents with and without anxiety was conducted.
Cross-sectional and prospective components were integrated into a comparative study design. The study encompassed medical residents from every grade and specialty, all of whom had signed informed consent forms. Individuals possessing a cognitive impairment diagnosis were excluded, and those who did not complete the assessments were also removed from the study. The AMAS-A test, designed to gauge anxiety, was employed alongside the NEUROPSI Attention and Memory test, which served to characterize cognitive abilities. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation; a p-value below 0.05 was considered significant.
Evaluating 155 residents, the study found a significant 555% male representation, with a mean age of 324 years. Internal Medicine was the overwhelmingly prevalent specialty, comprising 252% of the total.

The source code and dataset are conveniently located at the online repository https//github.com/xialab-ahu/ETFC.

A comprehensive analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) data was performed in individuals with SSc, with a focus on exploring correlations between CMR data and corresponding ECG and echocardiography (ECHO) findings.
Retrospective analysis of data from our outpatient referral center's SSc patients involved thorough ECG, Doppler echocardiography, and CMR assessments for every case.
A cohort of 93 patients participated; their mean age was 485 years (standard deviation 103), 86% were women, and 51% had diffuse systemic sclerosis. A remarkable 903% (eighty-four) of the observed patients exhibited sinus rhythm. Twenty-six patients (28%) exhibited the left anterior fascicular block as the predominant ECG finding. Forty-three patients (46.2%) demonstrated abnormal septal motion (ASM) during echocardiographic analysis. Multiparametric CMR imaging demonstrated myocardial involvement, comprising inflammation or fibrosis, in more than half of our patient sample. Accounting for age and sex, the model highlighted a pronounced increase in the odds of increased extracellular volume (ECV) in the presence of ASM on ECHO (OR 443, 95%CI 173-1138), as well as an increase in T1 relaxation time (OR 267, 95%CI 109-654), an increase in T2 relaxation time (OR 256, 95%CI 105-622), and an elevation in signal intensity ratio in T2-weighted imaging (OR 256, 95%CI 105-622). The presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (OR 385, 95%CI 152-976) and mid-wall fibrosis (OR 364, 95%CI 148-896) were also significantly linked to these factors, according to the age-sex adjusted model.
This research indicates that the presence of ASM on ECHO is a marker for abnormal CMR in SSc patients, suggesting that an accurate evaluation of ASM can be a key determinant in selecting patients for CMR to detect early myocardial involvement.
The study finds that ASM observed on ECHO is predictive of abnormal CMR in SSc patients, suggesting that a precise assessment of ASM on ECHO could significantly aid in selecting patients for CMR evaluations and detecting early myocardial involvement.

Our objective was to analyze the mortality of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the general population, differentiated by age, over the last five decades.
This population-based study utilizes a national mortality database and US census data collected on the entire population of the United States. Medical incident reporting For the years 1968 through 2015, we analyzed the proportion of deaths categorized by age and attributable to either SSc or other causes (non-SSc). Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for SSc and non-SSc were calculated, along with the ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR for each age group, on an annual basis. To evaluate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for each parameter, joinpoint regression was our method of choice.
From 1968 to 2015, SSc was documented as the leading cause of death among 5457 individuals aged 44, 18395 aged 45-64, and 22946 aged 65. At the age of 44, a more substantial decline in yearly fatalities was observed for individuals with SSc compared to those without SSc. Specifically, SSc exhibited a decrease of 22% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 20%), while non-SSc showed a reduction of 15% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 11%). SSc-ASMR's incidence saw a steady decline between 1968-04 (03-05) and 2015. The rate fell from 10 (95% confidence interval, 08-12) per million people, representing a 60% decrease cumulatively, with an annual percentage change of -19% (95% CI, -25% to -12%) at the age of 44. In the 44-year age group, a reduction in the ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR was noted, totalling 20% less cumulatively and an AAPC of -03%. Elderly individuals, specifically those aged 65, exhibited notable increases in SSc-ASMRs (cumulative 1870%; AAPC 20% [95% CI, 18-22]) and the SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR ratio (cumulative 3954%; AAPC 33% [95% CI, 29-37]).
Mortality rates for SSc have experienced a steady decrease among younger individuals during the last five decades.
A steady decrease in mortality associated with SSc has been observed in younger patients over the last five decades.

There's a disparity in the prevalence of neck/shoulder musculoskeletal disorders between females and males, with women often displaying distinct strategies for activating shoulder girdle muscles. Despite this, the sensorimotor skills and potential variations in performance linked to gender remain largely unexplored. The primary goal of this study was to explore potential sex disparities in torque steadiness and precision during isometric shoulder scaption. The trapezius, serratus anterior, and anterior deltoid muscle activation's amplitude and variability were also analyzed during the torque output. history of forensic medicine The study was conducted on thirty-four asymptomatic adults, seventeen of whom were female participants. Evaluations of torque stability and accuracy were conducted during submaximal contractions, using 20% and 35% of peak torque. Torque coefficient of variation remained consistent across genders, yet females displayed significantly lower torque standard deviation (SD) values than males at the two intensities measured (p < 0.0001), along with lower median torque frequencies, a distinction unaffected by intensity (p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in torque output at 35%PT, with females exhibiting lower absolute error values compared to males (p<0.001), and consistently lower constant error values independent of intensity (p=0.001). Females demonstrated a substantially higher muscle amplitude compared to males, with a notable exception in the SA group (p = 0.10). Furthermore, females had a higher standard deviation of muscle activation than males, a statistically significant finding (p < 0.005). Females' muscle activation strategies may need to be more intricate to produce stable and accurate torque. Consequently, these sexual variations may indicate control systems potentially explaining the greater incidence of neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders in females versus males.

Ongoing research strives to refine markerless motion capture techniques, aiming to overcome the constraints inherent in marker, sensor, or depth-sensing systems. The prior evaluation of the KinaTrax markerless system was constrained by the discrepancies in model definitions, diverse gait event detection methods, and the homogeneity of the participant group. This study aimed to assess the precision of spatiotemporal parameters within a markerless system, employing an improved markerless model, coordinate- and velocity-based gait events, and cohorts of young adults, older adults, and individuals with Parkinson's disease. The dataset for this analysis consisted of 57 subjects and 216 trials. The markerless system's spatial parameter measurements demonstrated excellent agreement with the marker-based reference system, as reflected in the high interclass correlation coefficients. Similar trends were observed in the temporal variables, with the exception of swing time which demonstrated satisfactory alignment. NT157 order The concordance correlation coefficients were similar across the measured parameters, demonstrating a pattern of moderate to almost perfect concordance; only the swing time measurement deviated from this. The observed Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement (LOA) were minimal and showed improvement from previous assessments. Similar parameter agreement was found in both coordinate- and velocity-based gait analysis, but the latter technique consistently exhibited smaller limits of agreement (LOAs). The incorporation of calcaneus keypoints into the markerless model yielded enhanced spatiotemporal parameters in this evaluation. Precisely aligning calcaneal keypoints with heel markers could lead to more favorable results. Consistent with earlier work, LOAs are situated within specified ranges to highlight the variations between clinical categories. The results indicate the effectiveness of the markerless system in estimating spatiotemporal parameters across diverse age and clinical groups; however, careful interpretation is needed given the potential error in the kinematic gait event measurement methods.

The fundamental goal was to compare the subsidence resistance performance of a novel 3D-printed titanium spinal interbody implant with a predicate polymeric annular cage. A 3D-printed spinal interbody fusion device, featuring truss-based bio-architectural components, was evaluated for its application of the snowshoe principle's line length contact, enabling efficient load distribution at the implant/endplate interface, preventing implant subsidence. Synthetic bone blocks of varying densities (from osteoporotic to normal) were used to assess the subsidence resistance of devices under compressive loading. To evaluate the influence of cage length on subsidence resistance, statistical analyses were utilized to compare subsidence loads. The truss implant demonstrated a significant rectilinear improvement in resistance to subsidence, a result of increasing contact interface length in a direct relationship with implant length, irrespective of subsidence rate or bone density values. The study on osteoporotic bone models employing 40 mm and 60 mm truss cages revealed an increase in the compressive load required for implant subsidence: 464% (3832 to 5610 N) for a 1-mm shift, and 493% (5674 to 8472 N) for a 2-mm shift. An insignificant rise in compressive load was observed for annular cages when the shortest and longest cage lengths were compared, during a one-millimeter subsidence rate. The Snowshoe truss cages demonstrated a notably greater ability to withstand subsidence than their annular counterparts. Clinical research is crucial to substantiate the validity of the biomechanical findings reported in this study.

The inflammatory response, a crucial process for fixing damage from adverse health situations or external attacks, can unfortunately, with continuous activation, be strongly associated with a diverse collection of persistent ailments.

Our results indicated a relatively increased intestinal accumulation of PSNPs in the co-exposure group, as measured against the group receiving only a single PSNP exposure. Single exposure to PSNPs and BPA caused visible histopathological alterations, including intestinal villus disruption and hepatocyte swelling in channel catfish, a pattern amplified by co-exposure. Co-exposure, in addition, led to a marked rise in SOD, CAT activities, and MDA content in both the intestine and liver, resulting in oxidative stress. ACP and AKP demonstrated a considerable decline in immune performance. A notable upregulation was observed in the expression of immune-related genes like IL-1, TLR3, TLR5, hepcidin, and -defensin, while the expression of IL-10 demonstrated a significant downregulation. Co-exposure demonstrably influenced the intestinal microbiome's composition, resulting in an amplified Shannon index and a lowered Simpson index. Concurrent exposure to PSNPs and BPA resulted in a compounded toxic effect on the histopathological assessment, oxidative stress levels, immune system performance, and the intestinal microbial community in channel catfish. Concerned about the implications of NPs and BPA for both aquatic life and human food security, the study advocated for effective consumption regulation.

The evaluation of human exposure to micro-organic contaminants (MOCs), including chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus flame retardants, non-persistent pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, phthalate esters, bisphenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has been significantly advanced through the use of human biomonitoring. Human hair's noninvasive character makes it an extremely promising matrix for the purposes of MOC biomonitoring. Human hair, though commonly used to detect a variety of materials of concern throughout recent decades, maintains uncertainty in accurately mirroring the body's total exposure. To provide a foundation for our discussion, understanding the methods by which MOC is incorporated into hair from inherent and extrinsic factors is essential. For the sake of obtaining accurate and trustworthy results, protocols must be standardized. This review of existing reports pertaining to hair-based MOCs, categorized into diverse types, details these issues and provides support for the dependable monitoring of MOCs. Analysis of hair reveals the reliable measurement of persistent organic pollutants, particularly those with high octanol-water partition coefficients and low volatility, while internal exposure can be precisely determined by the presence of MOC metabolites in hair. In summary, we analyze the use of hair analysis in broad-based surveys, retrospective cohort studies, and epidemiological studies, highlighting its potential for understanding the health dangers associated with MOCs.

The sustainable development of agriculture is under strain from the escalating constraints on resources and the issue of environmental pollution. Green total factor productivity improvements, stemming from better resource allocation practices, are fundamental to achieving sustainable agricultural development. In order to assess agricultural green development in China from 2001 to 2019, this paper implements the SBM super-efficiency approach to quantify the agricultural resource misallocation index and the green production efficiency index. Additionally, this research delves into the temporal and spatial characteristics of agricultural green production efficiency, leveraging a fixed effects model and spatial econometric models to quantify the influence of agricultural resource misallocation on green production efficiency metrics. Below, the results are arranged in a list. The impressive growth of China's agricultural green total factor productivity is marked by high efficiency in northeast, northwest, and southeast coastal zones, contrasting with lower efficiency in the central and inland regions. The negative consequences of misallocating agricultural capital, labor, and land resources are evident in the reduced efficiency of green agricultural production. In this vein, the inappropriate deployment of agricultural resources will impede the growth of environmentally responsible agricultural production efficiency in this region and neighboring locales. The third observation indicates that a region's own agricultural green production efficiency is more significantly impacted by indirect effects than direct effects on the efficiency of nearby agricultural regions. Fourth, the upgrading of the agricultural industry's structure and the innovation of green technologies are the mechanisms. The research indicates that minimizing resource misallocation significantly bolsters agricultural green productivity, a crucial measure for advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Consequently, policies must be crafted to emphasize the regional distribution of agricultural production factors and the environmentally friendly, production-focused approach to farming. In addition, the administration should actively support the transition and upgrading of the agricultural industry's structure, while also encouraging the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.

The manner in which we eat can impact the environment around us. The expanding prevalence of ultra-processed foods (UPF), a notable modification in dietary patterns, has an intricate impact on human health and environmental sustainability.
Assessing the impact of two years' fluctuations in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions, exploring its repercussions on water, energy, and land usage.
A 2-year, longitudinal study, conducted in the wake of a dietary intervention, included 5879 participants aged 55 to 75 years, all part of a Southern European population and characterized by metabolic syndrome.
A validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire was employed to assess food intake, permitting categorization of foods using the NOVA system. Validated questionnaires yielded data on sociodemographic information, Mediterranean diet adherence, and the degree of physical activity. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use associated with food items were calculated based on the environmental impact indicators in the Agribalyse 30.1 database. A study investigated changes in UPF use during a two-year timeframe. acute HIV infection Computed General Linear Models were instrumental in the statistical analyses conducted.
Individuals experiencing substantial decreases in their UPF consumption saw a corresponding reduction in their environmental impact, equivalent to 0.06 kg of CO2 emissions.
The equivalent of -53 megajoules of energy. Immuno-chromatographic test The reduction of the UPF percentage had as its sole effect an increase in water consumption.
Minimizing the consumption of ultra-processed foods could potentially bolster environmental sustainability. In evaluating the nutritional value of food for health, one must also assess the level of processing, impacting environmental protection.
The ISRCTN registration number is ISRCTN89898870. The record was registered at ISRCTN on 2013-09-05, the unique identifier being http//www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.
The ISRCTN number, uniquely identifying the project, is ISRCTN89898870. The trial's registration, on September 5, 2013, can be found on the following website: http//www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.

Reports indicate the presence of microplastics within wastewater treatment facilities around the world. The wastewater treatment process effectively removes a majority of microplastics, achieving removal efficiencies between 57% and 99%. The study of microplastics' removal from wastewater and their subsequent concentration in sewage sludge and biosolids (by-products of wastewater treatment) is currently a matter of high research priority. A comprehensive global review of the current knowledge base regarding microplastics in sewage sludge and biosolids assessed their concentration, presence, and properties, to evaluate how these biosolids might act as a conduit for microplastic transfer to soils. The databases of Web of Science and ScienceDirect were searched methodically for applicable data. Within 25 countries, 65 reports scrutinized the issue of microplastic pollution in sewage sludge and biosolid products. The wastewater treatment process, as demonstrated by the data, showed significant capture and retention of microplastics in the sewage sludge, with reported concentrations ranging dramatically from a minimum of 0.193 to a maximum of 169,105 microplastics per gram. The median concentration was 2,241 microplastics per gram. selleck chemical A study evaluating biosolid recycling's terrestrial pollution across multiple countries was conducted. Microplastics, estimated to be transported into agricultural fields via biosolid application, showed a considerable range of 82 x 10^10 to 129 x 10^15 particles annually across sixteen countries, but no statistically significant difference was seen in microplastic concentrations between biosolid-treated and control fields. A comparative study of risk factors for this delivery, approximately Further global research is paramount to understanding the environmental trade-offs between 4 to 6430 tonnes of microplastics and the potential benefits of nutrient and carbon recycling in biosolids reuse, when considered alongside other sources of microplastic pollution. To ensure sustainable practices within the circular economy, future scientific research must develop innovative solutions to manage biosolids effectively – biosolids, though a valuable nutrient source, unfortunately harbor high concentrations of microplastics, pollutants that inevitably enter the terrestrial ecosystem.

Calgary, Canada ceased the fluoridation of its drinking water on May 19, 2011. This prospective ecological study investigated if maternal fluoride intake from drinking water, fluoridated at the standard concentration of 0.7 mg/L, during pregnancy had any association with children's intelligence and executive function scores at ages 3-5.